Terms

Quiz Terms

Section A

Physical Properties: color, density, and odder- properties that can be determined without altering the chemical makeup of the material.

Physical Change: the material remains the same, although its form appears to have changed.

Chemical Change: When a substance changes into one or more new substances.

Chemical Properties: relates to any kind of chemical change it undergoes, often determine the substance's usefulness.

Combustion: burning

Luster: shiny and reflect light

Ductile: can be drawn into wires

Metals: a material possessing properties such as luster, ductility, conductivity, and malleability

Metalloid: a material with properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals.

Nonmetal: a material possessing properties such as brittleness, lack of luster, and noncunductivy; nonmetals are often insulators.

Malleable: it flattens without shattering when struck

Brittle: it shatters into pieces

Atomic Number: number of protons

Mass number: total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Isotopes: atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, such as carbon atoms
Periods: horizontal rows

Periodic Relationship: 

Rust: iron combines with oxygen

Tarnish:
Corrosion:

Group or family: vertical column

Alkali Metal Family: consists of six elements in the first column at the left of the table/ very reactive

Noble Gas Family: 18th column consists of very unreactive elements, or even chemically inert elements.

Halogen Family: 17th column just left of the periodic table

Atmosphere: provides nitrogen, oxygen, neon, and argon.

Lithosphere: the solid part of Earth, provides the greatest variety of chemical resources.

Ore: a naturally occurring rock or mineral

Mineral: naturally occurring solid compounds containing the element of interest.

Ductility: ease of being drawn into wires

Activity Series: If we rank elements in relative order of their chemical reactivities







Saturated Solution:  a solution in which the solvent had dissolved as much solute as it can retain stably at a specified temperature.
Solubility: the quantity of a substance that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent to form a saturated solution at a particular temperature.

Unsaturated Solution: a solution containing a lower concentration of solute than a saturated solution contains at a specified temperature.

Supersaturated solution: a solution containing a higher concentration of solute than a saturated solution at a specified temperature.

Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Particulate Level: the realm of unseen atoms, molecules, and ions in contrast to observable macroscopic entities. Ex: elements, compounds

Atoms: building blocks of matter. 

Element: matter that is made up of only one atom. ex: oxygen

Compound: a substance that is composed of the atoms of two or more elements linked together chemically in certain fixed proportions. Ex: water

Chemical formulas: What compounds and elements are represented by. Ex: NaCL

Substance:  an element or a compound; a material with a uniform, definite composition and distinct properties.

Molecule: the smallest particle of a substance retaining all the properties of that substance. Ex: H20

Molecular compound: one molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.

Physical properties of water: density, matter

Density of ice vs water: Ice is less dense causing it to float.



Quiz Terms

Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass. Ex: all solids, liquids, and gases

Physical Properties: properties that can be observed and measured without changing the chemical makeup. Ex: density, freezing point of water

Density: the mass of material with a given volume. Ex: density of water is 1.00 g/mL

Freezing point: The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid; it is the same volume as its melting point. Ex: the freezing point of water is 0°C at normal atmospheric pressure.

Aqueous Solution: a solution in which water is the solvent / water-based solution. Ex: distilled water.

Mixture : a combination of materials in which each material retains its separate identity. Ex: foul water

Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture that is not uniform throughout. Ex:  coffee grounds settling to the bottom and were not distributed evenly in the foul water. Ex: Suspension

Suspension: a mixture containing large, dispersed solid particles that can settle out or be separated by filtration.  Ex: Water plus coffee grounds and water plus small pepper particles

Tyndall effect: the scattering of a beam of light caused by reflection from suspended particles. Ex: light shined through a sample of purified water

Colloid: a mixture containing solid particles small enough to remain suspended and not settle down. Ex: whole or low fat milk which contains small butterfat particles dispersed in water.

Homogeneous mixer: a mixture that is uniform throughout; a solution

Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Solute: the dissolved substance. Ex: salt

Solvent: the dissolving agent. Ex water

Unit 1A Vocabulary List

Filtration: Solid particles are separated from a liquid by passing the mixture through a material that retains the solid particles and allows the liquid to pass through. 

Filtrate: The liquid collected after it has been filtered.

Percent Recovery: The proportion of sought material recovered in a process.

Histogram: A graph indicating the frequency or number of instances of particular values(or value ranges) within a set of related data.

Range: The difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set.

Average: Adding all the values together and dividing the sum by the total number of values.

Mean: same as average

Median: The middle value.

Electrical Conductivity: The ability to transmit an electric current

Direct Water Use: Water consumed by an end user and can be directly measured. 

Indirect Water Use: Water consumed in the preparation, production, or delivery of goods and services.

Gaseous State: Water vapor in the air.

Liquid State: In lakes, rivers, oceans and clouds

Solid State: Ice

Surface Water: water found on Earth’s surface, such as oceans, rivers, and lakes 

Ground Water: water from an aquifer or other underground source 

Aquifer: a structure of porous rock, sand, or gravel that holds water beneath Earth’s surface